Scaffolding and Scissor Lifts

Scaffolding was the 4th most frequently cited OSHA violation in 2021. 

Scaffolding is described by OSHA as any temporary elevated platform (supported or suspended) and its supporting structure (including points of anchorage), used for supporting employees, materials, etc, at elevated positions. Different types of scaffolding include supported scaffolding, suspended scaffolding and more recently scissor lifts. Scissor Lifts used to be classified and covered under Aerial Lifts standards but recently were classified as a type of scaffold. Common hazards associated with scaffolding include:

• Falls from elevation with inadequate fall protection
• Collapse of the scaffold, caused by instability or overloading
• Being struck by falling tools, work materials, or debris
• Electrocution, due to the proximity of the scaffold to overhead power lines

Supported Scaffolding is built from the ground up. This is the most common type because it is easier to work from the lower level to the highest. Suspended Scaffolding is hung off a building. Typically used for skyscrapers or when only working on upper levels. Scissor Lifts are usually vehicle mounted and are used to reach large heights quickly. 

Scaffolding is very job dependent. Supported scaffolding is primarily utilized in the construction industry, while suspended scaffolding is more often used for maintenance and cleaning. Supported scaffolds are defined as platforms supported by legs, outrigger beams, brackets or similar rigid support. There are many different types of supported scaffolds. Suspended Scaffolds are platforms suspended by ropes or other non-rigid means from an overhead structure. Typically supported by ropes on all 4 corners, these are ideal in situations where tall structures are involved. Scissor lifts are mobile supported scaffold work platforms used to safely move workers vertically and to different locations in a variety of industries including construction, retail, entertainment, and manufacturing. Scissor lifts are different from aerial lifts because the lifting mechanism moves the work platform straight up and down using crossed beams functioning in a scissor-like fashion. 

Some common hazards for all types of scaffolding include:

• Absence of proper anchorage
• Falls from elevation
• Collapse of the scaffold
• Falling objects
• Electrocution

Absence of proper anchorage

Employees can be injured or killed due to a collapse. Lack of proper anchorage can result in a collapse. OSHA Standard 1926.451(d)(3)(ix) addresses this. “Tiebacks shall be secured to a structurally sound anchorage on the building or structure. Sound anchorages include structural members, but do not include standpipes, vents, other piping systems, or electrical conduit.”

All scaffolding must have proper anchorage in place prior to use and:

• Anchorage must be tested prior to the start of work
• Anchors must be manufacturer approved for use in the anchoring system
• Prior to use of the scaffold there should be an inspection of the scaffold, this includes replacing rusted and weakened parts

Fall Hazard

There is always a risk for falls when working at heights. If engineering controls and policies fail, a worker losing their footing could result in catastrophe. Guard rails and fall arrest systems must be used when working with scaffolds. OSHA standard 1926.451(g)(1) states “Each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet (3.1 m) above a lower level shall be protected from falling to that lower level.”

Collapse of Scaffold

Employees can be severely hurt from the collapse of a scaffold. Surroundings can also be damaged. OSHA standard 1926.451(f)(4) “Any part of a scaffold damaged or weakened such that its strength is less than that required by paragraph (a) of this section shall be immediately repaired or replaced, braced to meet those provisions, or removed from service until repaired.”

It’s important for companies to: 

• Assess the risks to develop, implement and maintain appropriate risk control measures
• Inspect scaffolding before usage
• Replace rusted, damaged, or weakened parts

Fall Objects

Common falling object hazards include dropping tools, materials, or other objects. Many individuals have been injured or killed due to being struck by materials or tools that have fallen from scaffold platforms. Proactive steps must be taken to ensure proper protection from falling objects. Toe boards should be implemented at heights over 10’, toe boards must be implemented with a height of 3½‘’. They are required on all open sides and areas where workers pass under. Scaffold screens help to prevent debris from falling on workers below.

Electrocution

Scaffolds may be built in proximity to overhead power lines which can put workers at risk of electrocution.

Common hazards include:

• Use of conductive tools or materials
• Accidental contact with overhead power lines while moving or erecting scaffolds

Employers, contractors, and workers should comply with the current OSHA regulations for working with scaffolds near energized power lines. Scaffolds should not be used or moved within the following minimum clearance distances from exposed, energized power lines:

• 3 feet for insulated power lines of less than 300 volts
• 10 feet for insulated power lines of 300 volts or more and all uninsulated power lines

When working with energized lines, 10 feet + 4 inches should be added for every 10 kV over 50 kV.

These are just some main points of safety when working with scaffolds. If you need a fully comprehensive training program on this subject, check out our DIY in-house training kit, or check out our online training options. Give us a call if you have any questions. We are ready to answer all of your questions. 

Call  866-627-3850 or email us at sales@jjsafeyllc.com to learn more.